- Classic definition of media: "Outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or data".
- "Technology not only enables content categories, it defines their business models and shapes the content, too"
- Advent of the record in 1850s - "after centuries of variability, music suddenly had a defined run-time. "
- Subsequently, as limitations were relieved by the cassette & CD, song lengths still remained 3 to 4 minutes - "Technology might have relaxed its grip on music’s length, but it had strengthened its hold on business models."
- iTunes - business model moves from albums to individual songs. Spotify - "Matching revenue with usage and paying talent as and to the degree consumers listened to their works"
- Because spotify classifies a listen as min 30 seconds, incentive to longer is decreased, leading to shorter song lengths. - Billboard hot 100 songs less than 2:30 has increased 600% between 2017 & today.
- Interesting point on human vs algorithmic discrimination - a lot of consternation about the latter but "N***az4life was the second biggest album in the country by units purchased, but 21st in its own genre when it came to what was “selling” and “hottest.”
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